Coke Marketing Plan - 4596 Words

Table of Contents Executive Summary 6 Situation Analysis 7 History of the Product/Brand 8 Market Analysis 9 Product Evaluation 10 Competitor Analysis 12 Marketing Objectives 13 Marketing Strategies 16 Selecting Target Market 17 Developing the Marketing Mix 18 Product Strategy 19 Pricing Strategy 20 Placing and Distribution 22 Promotion Strategy 23 Evaluation, Monitoring and Control 24 Monitoring and Controlling 26 Sales Analysis 27 Market Share Evaluation 27 Marketing Profitability Analysis 27 Market Research 27 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Giant soft drink company Coca-Cola has come under intense scrutiny by the investors due to its inability to†¦show more content†¦Increase in cost of energy(electricity, natural gas etc) and raw materials(high fructose corn syrup, sucrose etc) can have a negative impact on the product’s profits (The Coca Cola Company 2007, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K). Unfavorable political and economic conditions in the local as well as international markets can have an adverse effect on the company’s profits (The Coca Cola Company 2007, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K). Unfavorable weather conditions like unusually long spells of winter cold can decrease the demand for the product (The Coca Cola Company 2007, 2006 Annual Report on Form 10-K). PRODUCT EVALUATION Product Life cycle The product life cycle comprises of five stages: product development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline (Kotler et al. 2006, p.314). Coca-Cola is currently in the maturity stage, which is evidenced primarily by the fact that they have a large, loyal group of stable customers. In this regard, Coke has the advantage of it’s establishment of a strong brand name. Furthermore, cost management, product differentiation and marketing have become more important as growth slows and market share becomes the key determinant of profitability. SWOT Analysis: SWOT stands for Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats. SWOT analysis is a technique that consists of examining the current activities ofShow MoreRelatedMarketing Analysis : Marketing Audit Essay1049 Words   |  5 Pagesmy views on Marketing Audit. As we all know, Marketing Audit is a systematic, critical and appraisal of the total marketing operation of the objectives and policies and the assumptions which underlie them as well as the methods, procedures, personnel and organization employed to implement the policies and achieve the objectives. It evaluates mainly three key areas i.e. external marketing environment, internal marketing environment, evaluation of current marketing strategy. The marketing audit is aRead MoreMarketing Is Not Just A Marketing Endeavor2234 Words   |  9 PagesWithout marketing, a business no matter how genius and innovative, the concept will fade away amongst the sea of other failed businesses. Public perception is not just a marketing endeavor; the larger a business gets the greater need for a department to help assist with the public perceptions of the company( Ogden Ogden, 2014). Marketing is not as easy as making up media advertisements; it is methodical process in which every step is crucial to the overall long term success of the product ( OgdenRead MoreMarketing Is Not Just A Marketing Endeavor2113 Words   |  9 PagesWithout marketing a business no matter how genius and innovative the concept will fade away amongst the sea of other failed businesses. Public perception is not just a marketing endeavor; the larger a business gets the greater need for a department to help assist with the public perceptions of the company( Ogden Ogden, 2014). Marketing is not as easy as mocking up media advertisements; it is methodical process in which every step is crucial to the overall long term success of the product ( OgdenRead MoreMarketing Is Not Just A Marketing Endeavor2113 Words   |  9 PagesWithout marketing a business no matter how genius and innovative the concept will fade away amongst the sea of other failed businesses. Public perception is not just a marketing endeavor; the larger a business gets the greater need for a department to help assist with the public perceptions of the company( Ogden Ogden, 2014). Marketing is not as easy as mocking up media advertisements; it is methodical process in which every step is crucial to the overall long term success of the product ( OgdenRead MoreMarketing Planning : The Marketing Plan Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesTo attract mixed segment ther is need to marketing planning is indeed the key to the whole marketing process. The marketing objectives state just where the company intends to be; at some specific time in the future. James Quinn succinctly defined objectives in general as: Goals state what is to be achieved and when results are to be accomplished, but they do not state how the results are to be achieved. They typically relate to what products will be where in what market. They are essentiallyRead MoreWhat are the barriers to implementing a marketing plan and what can be done to overcome them?2737 Words   |  11 PagesAccording to McDonald marketing planning is a logical sequence of events leading to the setting of marketing objectives and a formulation of plans for achieving them. (McDonald 2002 p56) The complexity of marketing planning means that when organizations embark on it, they should expect to encounter a number of organizational, attitudinal, process and cognitive problems (McDonald 2002). This essay is an attempt to outline some of those problems, however it is beyond this essay to clarify all possibleRead MoreAnswer Sheet Marketing Management2569 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Answer Sheet – Marketing Management – EMBA 1st Semester Dec-2014 Student: Shafeeque A Magami Course: One Year Executive MBA Register No: N14NOV/959 Answer-1: Explain Pricing Policy. The policy by which a company determines the wholesale and retail prices  for its products or  services. Pricing is the manual or automatic process of applying prices to purchase and sales orders, based on factors such as: a fixed amount, quantity break, promotion or sales campaign, specific vendor quote, price prevailingRead More4 Ms of Marketing Essay3050 Words   |  13 PagesMarketing Management MKTG – 508-010 Spring 2010 Dr. Walter Kendall Submitted by Shagun Nagpal On Mar 27th 2010 Tarleton State University Abstract Marketing is a combination of activity and set of institutions that create, communicate deliver and exchange services that have values to society including customers and clients. (AMA, 2007) Marketing emerged as a technical field of study in early 19th century but it came into existence all over when Neil Borden uses the term marketingRead MoreConsumer Behaviour of Lg Tv12881 Words   |  52 PagesA PROJECT REPORT ON IMPACT OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON THE MARKETING STRATIGIES OF NEW PRODUCTS WITH REFERNCE TO LG TELEVISION, BANGALORE. SUBMITTED TO ALL INDIA MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT EDUCATION MANAGEMENT HOUSE, 14 INSTITUTIONAL AREA, LODHI ROAD, NEW DELHI-110003 OCTOBER 2012 STUDY CENTRE Acharya Institute of Management amp; sciences, Bangalore. Website :- acharyaims.ac.in By SK ABDUS SUBHAN REGISTRATION NO. 420920933 Guided By For the partial fulfilmentRead MoreMarketing Mix Analysis Of Coke Zero1212 Words   |  5 Pages Marketing Mix Analysis Student’s Name Institution Affiliation / Marketing Mix Analysis The marketing mix encompasses four critical decisions regarding pricing, product, place, and promotion which should be carefully considered prior to launching the product in the market. All the four variables included in the marketing mix are important as they help the organization to formulate strategic decisions that are essential to obtain and sustain a competitive edge (Singh, 2012). After

First Woman to Vote under the 19th Amendment

An often-asked question: who was the first woman in the United States to vote -- the first woman to cast a ballot -- the first female voter? Because women in New Jersey had the right to vote from 1776-1807, and there were no records kept of what time each voted in the first election there, the name of the first woman in the United States to vote after its founding  is lost in the mists of history. Later, other jurisdictions granted women the vote, sometimes for a limited purpose (such as Kentucky allowing women to vote in school board elections beginning in 1838).  Some territories and states in the western United States gave women the vote: Wyoming Territory, for instance, in 1870. First Woman to Vote under the 19th Amendment We have several claimants to being the first woman to vote under the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. As with many forgotten firsts of womens history, its possible that documentation will later be found about others who voted early. South St. Paul, August 27 One claim to first woman to vote under the 19th Amendment comes from South St. Paul, Minnesota. Women had been able to cast votes in a 1905 special election in the city of South St. Paul; their votes were not counted, but they were recorded. In that election, 46 women and 758 men voted. When word came on August 26, 1920, that the 19th Amendment had been signed into law, South St. Paul quickly scheduled a special election the next morning on a water bond bill, and at 5:30 a.m., eighty women voted. (Source::Minnesota Senate S.R. No. 5, June 16, 2006) Miss Margaret Newburgh of South St. Paul voted at 6 a.m. in her precinct and is sometimes given the title of  first  woman to vote under the 19th Amendment. Hannibal, Missouri, August 31 On August 31, 1920, five days after the 19th amendment was signed into law, Hannibal, Missouri  held a special election to fill the seat of an alderman who had resigned. At 7 a.m., despite pouring rain, Mrs. Marie Ruoff Byrum, wife of Morris Byrum and daughter-in-law of Democratic committeeman Lacy Byrum, cast her ballot in the first ward. She thus became the first woman to vote in the state of Missouri and the first woman to vote in the United States under the 19th, or Suffrage, Amendment. At 7:01 a.m. in the second ward of Hannibal, Mrs. Walker Harrison cast the second known vote by a woman under the 19th amendment. (Source: Ron Brown, WGEM News, based on a news story in the Hannibal Courier-Post, 8/31/20, and a reference in the Missouri Historical Review Volume 29, 1934-35, page 299.) Celebrating the Right to Vote American women had organized, marched, and gone to prison to gain the vote for women.  They celebrated winning the vote in August 1920, most notably with Alice Paul unfurling a banner showing another star on a banner signifying ratification by Tennessee. Women also celebrated by beginning to organize for women to use their vote widely and wisely.  Crystal Eastman wrote an essay, Now We Can Begin, pointing out that womans battle was not over  but had just begun.  The argument of most of the woman suffrage movement had been that women needed the vote to participate fully as citizens, and many argued for the vote as a way to contribute as women to reforming society. So they organized, including transforming the wing of the suffrage movement led by Carrie Chapman Catt into the League of Women Voters, which Catt helped create.

Australias Involvement in the Vietnam War - 888 Words

Australia had quite a large involvement in the Vietnam War and it is still considered an important part of our history, as it is the longest Australia has been involved in any war. We were involved in the war from 1962 to 1972 and roughly 60000 Australian men and women served there. Our initial involvement was with military advisors to support the South Vietnamese army and then that escalated to sending fighting troops, as it was more difficult for the South Vietnamese army to defeat the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese army on their own. Our decision to commit troops to the battle was based on the fear of communism; North Korea’s invasion of South Korea was considered a communist danger to democracy. A few of the other main reasons for our presence in the conflict include; to support the United States presence in the region, the belief in the ‘domino theory’ and because of our presence in the ANZUS and SEATO treaties. Australia’s presence in the ANZUS and SEATO alliances has been very important in our past. The ANZUS agreement which involved Australia, New Zealand and The United States said that they would â€Å"*come to one another’s aid in the event of an attack*† (Retro Active 2 p166 paragraph 1). This was formed in 1951. The SEATO alliance (South-East Asia Collective Defense Treaty), which was the one our involvement in Vietnam was based around involved Australia, Britain, United States, France and New Zealand. They all agreed that they would help protect Laos, Cambodia,Show MoreRelatedAustralia’s Involvement in the Vietnam War939 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s Involvement in the Vietnam War By Taylor, Aleisha and Alec. There were two important reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War: 1. Fear of Communism 2. Obligations to Allies Fear of Communism In the period following WWII there was a growing fear within Australia of communism. The common belief was that communism would spread from the USSR to Asian countries and eventually reach Australia. This theory is known today as the domino theory. Australia wasRead MoreAustralias Involvement in the Vietnam War Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s involvement in the Vietnam War was a result of a combined fear of communism and the fall of freedom from danger in Australian democracy and society. The growing web of communism saw the fall of many countries closing in on Australia and New Zealand, and it was believed Robert Menzies’ government that they would find communism at Australia’s shores. Australians were anti-communist during the Vietnam War; due to a level of hype that the society, the media, and the government were exposedRead MoreThe Reasons For Australia s Involvement During The Vietnam War1207 Words   |  5 PagesAssess the main reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War. After gaining independence from France in 1954, by the leadership of Ho Chin Min, Vietnam was posed with the task of creating a political faction. Due to the country’s diverse political views Vietnam was temporally split in two (at the 17th parallel). The north side was lead by Ho Chi Minh, a popular leader allied with communist China. Having freed the people of Vietnam from French occupation, many Vietminh supported his everyRead MoreHistory Course Outline787 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia in the Vietnam War Era * Changing Rights and Freedoms * People Power and Politics in the Post-war Period * Australia’s Social and Cultural History in the Post-War Period Australia in the Vietnam War Inquiry questions †¢ How did the Australian government respond to the threat of communism after WWII? †¢ Why did Australia become involved in the Vietnam War? †¢ How did various groups respond to AustraliaÂ’s involvement in the Vietnam War? †¢ What was the impact of the war on AustraliaRead MoreReasons for Australias Changing Attitude Towards the Vietnam War791 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s involvement in the Vietnam War started in 1962-75. Some of the reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War were mostly to do with the fear of communism and using the â€Å"forward defence† strategy to prevent the domino theory from happening. During this time Australia’s attitude towards the war changed due to the protesting of anti-war groups such as ‘save our sons’, it was believed that it was more of a civil war then a communism war,   and because it was a television war. CommunismRead MoreWhy Did Australia Become Involved in the Vietnam War Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War which went from 1965 to 1975 involved America and its allies, including Australia, aiming to prevent South Vietnam from an invasion by the communist North Vietnaese. There were many key reasons for Australia’s involvement in the Vietnam War. The Americans provided valuable support when they arrived at our aid during the WWII so Australia felt a responsibility to return a favour to the US to maintain healthy foreign relations. Australia also became implicated in the war due to theRead MoreEssay on The Effect of the Vietnam War on the Australian Society912 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effect of the Vietnam War on the Australian Society The Vietnam War had great political impact and led to deep division within Australian society. The Australian people were forced to take the issues about the Cold War, Vietnam and the arms race seriously because of Australia’s military involvement in Vietnam from 1962 to 1972. As a result, our fear of communism and of Asia increased dramatically. Australia, occupying a large mass of land, yet having a small Read MoreImpact Of The Anti War On The Vietnam War Between 1965 And 19751051 Words   |  5 PagesYear 10 Australian History Why was Australian society divided over the issue of our involvement in the Vietnam War between 1965 and 1975? (750-1000 words) During the decade of 1965-1975, Australian society was controversially divided over the involvement of Australian troops in the Vietnam War. At the peak of the nations involvement, some 8,500 troops were serving for their country. Vietnam was split into the â€Å"democratic† north and the communist south, which was highly supported by the USA andRead MoreCosi876 Words   |  4 Pagesominous presence of the Vietnam War, Nowra explores the insanity of the war; and the need to condemn war and to protest against Australia’s involvement in Vietnam. The main presence of the institution and involving patients explored the inhumanity and ineffectiveness of the mental health system in the 1970’s in Australia. Nowra used the ‘play within a play’ to explore the Importance of theatre, as a way of enriching people’s lives with ‘art’, In the 1970’s, the Vietnam was had been going for nearlyRead MoreAustralia s Historical Fear Of Invasion951 Words   |  4 Pagesarguing that Australia’s historical fear of invasion does continue to influence Australia’s foreign policy today. This essay believes that the fear of invasion in Australia has evolves and changes over time from a traditional realist perspective that focused on states, to one focused on individuals and non-state actors. Firstly, this essay will briefly discuss the previous fears of invasion, from the introduction of the White Australia Policy to the War on Terror, and how events in Australia’s past shaped

Identity vs. Role Confusion Essay - 892 Words

In today’s Western society, self-identity and social roles are important dimensions that are at times challenging to face. Social roles have always been a fundamental part of society and yet as time goes on, it seems to be increasingly difficult to understand. As discussed in class, in the medieval period, people were assigned roles based on family status. In modern days, however, societal roles have expanded and opportunities are endless, which raises the question: Is there more uncertainty about identity in modern society? In entering adolescence, people heavily contemplate their ego identity. In the early 1900s, theorist Erik Erikson believed in eight stages of ego development from birth to death. For the purpose of this paper I have†¦show more content†¦Exploring different aspects of yourself in the different areas of life has never been so pertinent. As previously mentioned, there has undoubtedly been a shift of roles when comparing the past to the present. Tradi tionally speaking, men and women’s roles have been that of providers and nurturers respectively. Although through time, these traditional mentalities have transformed, allowing for more possibilities. Even though men’s roles have altered, women have emancipated themselves from a very narrow view of appropriate social norms and can now enjoy the freedom to choose from an array of roles. The quest for self-identity is very significant in this time of my life, which is the reason I have chosen this topic for my project. I am a definite opportunist and I seize every occasion if the possibility of learning something new arises. Although it is very exciting to experience moratorium, it is also at times stressful and daunting having to continuously explore different roles and opportunities. Along with my peers, I am attempting to resolve many existential dilemmas such as â€Å"What career path should I follow?† or â€Å"What roles apply to me?† These questions g ive rise to the feeling of identity uncertainty and role confusion. Coming from an art background, I felt most comfortable expressing myself through sketch. Therefore, I chose to convey my internal struggles through a drawing of a ballerina who is surrounded by my inner thoughts. TheShow MoreRelatedErikson’s Theory: Identity vs. Role Confusion1222 Words   |  5 Pagesabout identity versus role confusion. Finding one’s identity is not always an easy task. Everyone at some point in his or her life has had, as Erikson puts it, an identity crisis. Everyone experiences different struggles that can have either a positive or negative impact on their identity. On my path to identity, I have reached identity achievement, which means I have explored and made commitments. I will also be focusing on two articles highlighting a fifth possible outcome regarding identity andRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Claire Standish 1549 Words   |  7 PagesClaire Standish, the prom queen, fit s into Identity vs. Role Confusion, Conventional Morality, and the Moratorium stage. Starting with Kohlberg’s Moral Development, Claire fits into the Conventional Morality stage. Claire is the most popular girl in their high school and is constantly surrounded by many friends. Bender even goes as far as to say, â€Å"School would probably shut down if you didn’t show up!† Claire agrees with this statement and when talking to Alison later in the movie she says, â€Å"YoureRead MoreErickson888 Words   |  4 Pagesdespair must both be understood and embraced, in order for actionable wisdom to emerge as a viable solution at the last stage. The Erikson life-stage virtues, in order of the eight stages in which they may be acquired, are: 1.Basic trust vs. basic mistrust - This stage covers the period of infancy. 0-1 year of age. - Whether or not the baby develops basic trust or basic mistrust is not merely a matter of nurture. It is multi-faceted and has strong social components. It depends on the qualityRead MoreLiterature Review. Sigmund Freud, The Father Of Psychoanalysis,1497 Words   |  6 Pagescompetencies valued and needed by an individual’s society (Berk, 2014). Berk (2014) lists in order from birth to old age, the stages follow as: basic trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair. Each of Erikson’s stages includes the possible negative outcomes that one could possibly be faced with, depending on the experiences they have duringRead MoreErickson: The Stages of Development954 Words   |  4 Pagessteps that focused on the changing of personality and developing your identity. Erickson developments stages differed from Freuds because Erickson focused on social environment and not sexual drives. Erickson believed that each stage in a person life that have to over come a psychosocial crisis and also learn a new skill. The stages took place through out your lifespan (Funder, 1997). Stage one of Erickson development is trust vs. mistrust. This stage happens at 0-18 months. this stage infants developsRead MoreErik Erikson s Theory Of Psychology760 Words   |  4 Pageshad blond hair, blue eyes, and Nordic looks. Thus, he was teased for having Nordic looks in the community. On the other hand, he was teased at the grammar school for being a Jewish. Erik struggled with his identity and had difficulties not fitting in with either culture. In this way, Erik’s identity crisis began at an early age. Erikson was inspired by the psychosexual theory of Sigmund Freud. In this theory, Freud described development in series of five different stages. He called these stages, oralRead MoreErikson s Theory And How It Affects My Life969 Words   |  4 Pageslife Erik Erikson created a theory, in which he created eight stages of development based on Freud’s theory of development. The eight stages are trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, ego identity vs. role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and ego integrity vs. despair. As someone develops in age, going through these stages, it increases in complexity. Erikson believed that each stage becomes a crisis that needsRead MoreAnalysis Of Eric Eriksons Eight Stages Of Identity Theory1423 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Identity or Self-concept is something that evolves or matures right along with us; it changes from physical concepts to more complex thoughts. (Damon Hart, 1988) Questions like Who am I? and What is my Purpose? Have perplexed humanities greatest philosophers; the complexity of these questions has even created a study of purpose; Teleology, the study of purpose. John Locke held that personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity. He considered the self to be founded on consciousnessRead MoreErickson s Theory On The 8 Stages Of Development Essay1143 Words   |  5 PagesFreud (Erickson 2016). Erickson’s theory on the 8 stages of development are based around three parts of identity: social identity, personal identity (the differences between one person and another) and the identity of self. Freud exemplifies the conflict between id (the instinctive component of personality) and the superego (morals of society that are learned), whilst Erickson focuses on the role of culture and society, and the conflicts it can create in the ego itself (McLeod, 2013; McLeod, 2016)Read MoreTheory Of Kalief Browder1324 Words   |  6 Pagesstage 5 Identity vs Role Confusion, of Erikson’s theory of social-emotional development. This stage occurs between the ages of 12 and 26. During this time, society expects adolescents to be responsible and are held accountable like adults. Though Browder did not commit the crime he was accused of he was held accountable like an adult and received the same punishments. Also noted, adolescents are beginning to define who they are by experimenting with various roles. During this time, they need role models

Western Imperialism Essay - 522 Words

Western Imperialism Beginning in 1880, there was a growing desire for European countries to expand and control their rule. The only continent at that time that was left uncontrolled and, in the Europeans eyes uncivilized, was Africa. This was the start of Western Imperialism. All European countries wanted their piece of Africa and to get it, they would let nothing stand in their way. They would change the entire government, religion, market, and behavior of most of the African nation and affect almost every person living there. An account of the impact of Imperialism is given in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart. This book shows the changes that occurred in Africa during Imperialism and its affect on the community and the people†¦show more content†¦In Things Fall Apart there is a good example of this. The tribe of the main character Okonkwo has a polytheistic religion that they have followed for as long as they can remember. When the Europeans get there they build a church and the missi onaries that came get many of the people to convert to Christianity. Okonkwo is one of the few who sticks to the traditional view and keeps his original religion. This changing of religion was a very important event that occurred in Africa but another important result of Imperialism in Africa was a change in Government. When the Europeans got to Africa they brought with them their governments and enforced them as if they were the new governments of the Africans. Most African tribes had their own government system that they had developed over time. When the Europeans settled in Africa they totally dismissed these government and inflicted their own government on these people. In Things Fall Apart, the elders of the village make the laws, which the people live by. They also have a ritual called the Egwugwu in which the leaders of the village dress up as Gods and give laws and direction to the villagers. When the Europeans get there they dismiss the laws the elders have made and live under their own government. At one point a villager influenced by a European leader unmasks the leaders during Egwugwu, which in their society is totally unacceptable. As more and more control was turnedShow MoreRelatedWestern Imperialism Influence on African Culture1132 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 2013 Impact of Western Imperialism on the African Community Western imperialism, though it has its good qualities, essentially led to the breakdown and ending of the African community. Their religion, new language, and political knowledge and power make it impossible for both communities to exist together. The most apparent form of cultural imperialism from the West in Things Fall Apart are the differences in the law making systems of the village and the western missionaries. In chapterRead MoreCompare and Contrast Japanese and Western Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific3853 Words   |  16 PagesCompare and Contrast Japanese and Western Imperialism in Asia and the Pacific 23 October 2013 at 18:10 The Japanese pursuit for an empire in South East Asia helped changed the balance of world power away from Europe, by taking their most lucrative colonies. Soon after the Japanese defeat in World War II, most of the colonies won their independence from their European masters. This essay will be arguing that despite the vast geographical distance and cultural, racial differences, as well as theRead MoreGlobalization: Western Imperialism by Another Name Essay934 Words   |  4 Pagesengulfment is known as imperialism. But is this the same as globalisation? There are many similarities between globalisation and imperialism. Firstly, the basic aim of globalisation, for a firm or nation, is to invest and gain a profit, and although early imperialism may have involved elements of discovery and territorial power, turning the resources of the oppressed nation into money became the key motive. On this level globalisation and imperialism seem very alike. Read MoreThe Western Culture : Cultural Imperialism1169 Words   |  5 Pageslacked economic standing in what came to be viewed later as cultural imperialism. Cultural imperialism involves slow changes in the way people in the less economically standing countries view things around them. It also involves how people live their daily lives as manifested in today’s world of popular culture. The Western culture greatly influences many ideas, perspectives, and attitudes of people in the world. Even in the Western world itself the way that people live, and their views and activitiesRead MoreImpact Of Western Imperialism On China And Japan1652 Words   |  7 PagesWestern incursion into China and Japan is a key factor as to how these countries developed economically and socially. While China and Japan were trying to get on their feet and figure out the standards in which to run their countries, the West was escalating in both power and ambitions. The escalation meant growth in European fire arm power which allowed the European countries to make their way into China and Japan without China and Japan being able to stop them because they wer e not as strong atRead MoreCultural Imperialism : Western And Chinese Society1845 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"It is through cultural imperialism that Western nations are able to dominate the media †¦ allowing Western views to destroy their native cultures.† (Schiller, H. 1973) Western cultures are notorious for their domination over other cultures, exerting this power through the media. The front cover of India’s Elle magazine (March 2013) and McDonald’s 2012 Manly Man Beef advertisement in Beijing, are both texts that display the prominent influences of cultural imperialism in practice. This essay seeksRead MoreHow Western Imperialism Affects China and Japan Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesHow Western Imperialism affects China and Japan China and Japan had very different experiences with Western Imperialism . Their reactions to western interference would lay a foundation for their destiny in a world that was rapidly progressing forward , leaving the traditional world behind . China viewed themselves as totally self sufficient , superior , and the only truly civilized land in a barbarous world. They were inward looking and were encouraged by the conservative Confucianistic beliefsRead MoreThe Spread of Western Imperialism991 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1853, Western imperialism was at its height. It was spreading to several countries. The British colonized India, the Dutch colonized Indonesia, the United States colonized the Philippines, and the French colonized Vietnam. In 1929, the crash of the stock market brought a worldwide depression, known as the Great Depression. The depression caused instability in many countries. International commerce declined and tax revenues, profits, and personal income decreased. The Great Depression especiallyRead MoreThe History Of Western Imperialism1129 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of Western imperialism is one of exploitation and decimation of people, their cultures and their resources for the benefit of the Empires. All across the world, the erstwhile colonies have suffered massive loss of culture through the oppression in the form of assimilation of indigenous p eople, of resources like silver in Latin America, along with re-appropriation of their spaces to accommodate the presence of the white settlers, North America being a prime example. In today’s post-colonialRead MoreThe Holocaust And Western Imperialism And The Holocaust1271 Words   |  6 Pagesatrocities. This has to be done since normal individuals cannot justify to themselves that they are immoral. Both western imperialism and the Holocaust had their atrocities justified by the illusion of progress. Even though numerous millions of people were slaughtered in these campaigns, many of the people doing the killing, believed that it was for the greater good. Western imperialism used the notion of bettering the native population and expansion in order to justify their mass killings. On the

In Ancient Greece, The Most Feared Named Was Sparta. It Was A Total Wa Essay Example For Students

In Ancient Greece, The Most Feared Named Was Sparta. It Was A Total Wa Essay r machine willing to take on all comers. They rose above the rest by being well disciplined and educated. The man who brought them this glory was Lycergus. Like any great leader he was very idealistic. His main goal was to change Sparta into a complete city state. It is believed that he was born between the eighth and tenth century. Most historians dont believe he existed at all. He was from the Eurypontid house which was one of two houses of Royality. It is thought by many that he may have been King. Unquestionably he was one of the great thinkers. Among his many accomplishments, Lycergus was responsible for the Spartan Council of Elders, iron coinage, and the education of the entire population. The Spartans attributed all institutions and their Constitution to Lycergus. He established their strict military style and beliefs. He felt it was very important to have a complete person. It would be hard to discover a healthier or more completely developed human being, physically speaking, than a Spartan. Lycergus felt that parents should have the right to punish others children. In this way he thought that children would respect all adults. Overall, he contributed more than anyone else to Spartan culture. That is why he is known as the Father of Spartan Law. Many of the ways that we keep our bodies sound were proposed by Lycergus. Mainly, he felt that people should always do the best thing for their body and their community.

Cost volume profit analysis free essay sample

Question 2 Cost Volume Profit Analysis 1. 0 Introduction According to Jon Scheumann a successful organizations need a culture that is attuned to cost management and pay attention to cost structure From that statement manager must pay attention and carefully thinking when do decision making to the cost. For example when manager want to target the profit. They must take every cost that related in production such as variable cost and fix costs. Cost Volume profit analysis is used in decisions making in a company. The reasons why used cost volume profit analysis as a method to make decisions making because It elps manager to estimate future cost, revenue, expenses and profit that helps them to monitor the level of activity in production and monitor the plan. Besides that when used CVP analysis we can identify monitor the activity level and make analysis to avoid loss, find a target profit and maximize the production of unit. We will write a custom essay sample on Cost volume profit analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moreover CVP analysis can help manager to Identify the risk and effect for their decision making and a technique to analyse the profit change bases on sales volumes, costs, and process. When do CVP analysis the manager can get the information like the product that want to analyse he volume Is required to achieve a certain level of profit total of revenue is needed before the company will incurred loss(break event point) Those flx cost can effects the organization to an unacceptable level of risk. a) A break even analysis must be interpreted in the light of the limitations of its underlying assumption (From Cost Accounting: A managerial Emphasis, by C. T. Horngren) 2. 0 Introduction to Assumption What is assumption? Assumption is something like a rule is must be made or a certain item be ignore when do assumption in CVP analysis. Why need to do assumption In CVP analysis? There Is a limitation of CVP analysis. The effectiveness of CVP analysis must be done with assumption in order to make CVP analysis is useful when the manager do decision making for the future plan. How to make the assumption? It to simplify the cost that hard to calculate and that cost behaviour is always changes. So when do the assumption we can solve It faster at any of period of times and situations. In order to make assumption we must to understand that every assumption Is made that no has too much cost, long period, break a law and company policies. Normally when did the new assumption people hard to accept and eed time to convince them. After we done with assumption for CVP analysis, we should listing all assumption to make other analysis. If assumption Is made is violating, the CVP analysis is can easily modified and make it realistic. What use of 1 org assumption? 10 slmpllTy a complex analysls more easlly ana to set up some conoltlon and control it when do an analysis. Sometime when we do assume there a risk we must to be taken and face it like hidden cost, increasing in petrol cost and tax. 3. 0 Assumption To used assumption in CVP analysis the manager must recognize the cost first. For xample when do CVP analysis, we must identify sales volume, cost, and profit. So when identify the cost there are condition must be made to make the assumption 1 . All cost included variable and fixed cost Why we assume that variable cost and fixed cost included all cost? Because in the firm, we are cannot identify each type element of cost. Besides that firm cannot identify which element of cost should be fixed or variable cost. If the firm cannot identify Fixed and variable cost, it impossible to used cost volume profit analysis. For example if the firm cannot identify fix and variable cost there will be a problem when o CVP analysis. There are a way how to identify which costs are fixed and variable cost. Every cost that related in production and always changes base on the volume of the unit produce is variable cost. Example cost of material and labour to produce item in production. For fix cost is the cost that not affected when level of activity in production is changing. Example is rent and manager salary. So when the firm done correctly to identify fixed and variable cost, it can do CVP analysis correctly and manager can used the correct CVP analysis to make decision making. 2. In graph Cost are in straight line Assume that fixed cost no change in any of range. Variable Cost is proportional and parallel to the line revenue. So in the reality cost of behaviour not remain constant. It mean when we do CVP analysis we must assume a straight line (constants) so when do a calculation it easy to calculate the cost and make analysis. For example if we see in graph the cost is curve line it hard to calculate the cost if the cost is out of range from the graph. So that why we must assume in straight line so it easy to calculate and identify the cost even it out of range in graph. 3. Price is fixed for every volume as purchase/selling ( selling price/direct material) When buy a lot of item, item we buy was offering/make a discount. These make a problem to determine contribution margin ratio. Example normally when we buy/sell a lot of item we can receive/give discount. Event we know that it hard to calculate when price always changes base on the quantity item of we buy/sell. So in order to make easy calculation we must make assumption fixed price every volume was purchase and selling and ignore the cost that give effect the change in price and volume. 4. Variable cost is fix per unit not alculated based on volume produce So when it calculated per unit it hard to identify what actual cost and hidden cost of total volume produce. Even cannot identify actual and hidden cost help when do CVP analysis. If we calculate variable cost base on volume produce we can get difference cost because of hidden cost. That why we must use variable cost fix as per unit so we can used to calculate in CVP analysis. For example if we cannot used this assumption it hard to identify unit control margin ( ucm ) so IT cannot laentlTy unlt control margin I t nara to Tina Break Even Po 5. Sales Mix constant In level of activity, if product y have different level of activity compare to product z. So in graph it can show two product y and product z. From the graph we can see which products give higher profitability or not. If company produce a excess from the target in will incurred loss. For example company manufacture umbrella and rain coat for raining seasons. So it produced more products during that season. 4. 0 Limitation of CVP analysis Cost volume profit analysis is limit to acquire a lot of information. Event cost volume profit can help decision making in future for the short run but in Long run it cannot e used because of the information that get is not up to date and always change from time to time. So manager need to do again analysis in order to get up to date information. Besides that, Cost volume profit is only suitable for a single product when manager used CVP analysis to make decision making. For multi products such as Mc Donald or KFC that run more than one product. It is cannot be used because every type of product did not have same level of activity. So that why when there have two or more product it assumes has same activity. Beside that hard to make variable ratio cost for every product. Moreover, It is hard to identify what element or type of cost that relate. If the manager cannot identify what type of product it make impossible to used Cost Volume Profit Analysis. For example part time worker should assume as variable cost or fix cost. Beside that Cost Volume Profit cannot identify the performance of worker. So that why performance worker were assume as fixed when we know in reality the performance of worker always change. In addition, cost volume profit cannot identify the hidden cost when produce more product in future or the changes of currency money and company or government policy. For example hidden cost like increasing petrol cost, tax, or maintenance machine. CVP analysis maybe present by using equation or chart Break even point (BEP) (in sales revenue) BEP in unit x selling price OR Total Fixed Costs Contribution margin ratio (CMR) Break even point (BEP) (in unit) Total Fixed Cost Contribution per unit Selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit larget pront (In sales revenue) Target profit in units x selling price per unit Total fixed costs + Target profit Target profit (in unit) Contribution (total or per unit) Sales (total or per unit) Margin of safety (MOS) (in units) Current/expected sales in units minus BEP in units Margin of safety (MOS) (in sales revenue) Current/expected sales in RM minus BEP in RM Margin of safety (MOS) in % MOS in units (or sales revenue) x 100 Current/expected sales in units (or sales revenue) b) Bartley Companys primary line of business is making and selling of syrup to bottler. These bottler then sell the finished bottle and cans of syrup to the consumer. In management report say gross margin is decline to 61% to this year(2013) and 62% to the prior year(2012) due to increasing the cost of sweeter and packaging. Does the ncreasing the cost of sweetener and packaging give effect to gross margin? Cost of sweetener and packaging are Cost of good sold or variable cost because of cost this increase when level of activity increase. Below are the formulae of gross margin. Assume that revenue is same from this year and prior year 2013 2012 Revenue RMIOOO Cost of goods sold(sweetener and packaging) RM390 Formulae Gross Margin=(Revenue-C06S/Revenue)x100 Gross margtn(thts % Gross margtn(pnor So from the formulae above is what we can see that the increasing of variable cost/ Cost of good sold(C06S) effected the percentages of gross margin. So from the calculation above we can see that a proved that gross margin percentages decline base on increasing cost of goods sold. B i) Are sweetening and packaging a variable or a fixed cost? Sweetener and packaging are variable cost. This is because cost of Sweetener and packaging increase when cost of production increase. Variable cost is like a cost that relate to the production. Both of them are manufacturing material. Manufacturing are come together with direct material, direct labour, and manufacturing overhead. What the impact on the contribution margin of increasing cost per unit for sweetener or packaging? Contribution margin is defining as total revenue minus total variable cost to obtain contribution margin. For example if cost of sweetener and packaging increase it can give effect to the contribution margin. Below is the situation and calculation if sweetener and packaging cost are increase. Selling Price 10 Variable cost per unit (sweetener and packaging) 6 5 This is a detail of information for selling price and variable cost for the year 2013 and year 2012. Calculation CM = RM4 CM = RM5 CM = Selling Price CM = RMIO- RM6 CM = RMIO- RM5 Variable Cost From the table above this is the contribution margin for year 2013 and year 2012. I nls Is snow tnat cnanglng In varlaDle cost can glve erect 0T tne contrlDutlon margln and also can affect the gross margin. Increasing in variable cost can give impact to contribution margin. If the company want to increase contribution margin they must decrease the variable cost in order to increase contribution margin. Contribution margin is a like gross profit. The difference between gross profit and contribution margin is contribution margin is used for to make analysis while gross profit used historical calculation for specific sales volume. Besides that contribution margin is a like pricing strategy in order to aximum profit from the difference between selling price and variable cost in production. Sometimes by using contribution it can help manager to make analyse the variable cost and a target profit. For example if the manager target to gain profit what show they do if variable cost increase? Should they increase selling price or increase the unit of production. So the impact of variable cost in contribution margin can help manager to make decision. What is implementation of profitability? Implementation profitability is mean a way how the company gain profit. How to gain profit? By doing CVP analysis the company must identify their level of profit or loss. By identify break event point the company know what level it gain profit or loss. Break event point is a point when the situation the company no gain any profit or loss. If the company sales more than break event point it can gain profit and if company sales less that break event point it will incurred loss. B it) My opinion marketing expenditure a fix cost because what we see from statement in question b) say that increasing [selling expenses] due to higher marketing expenditure. So from that statement what I can conclude that selling xpenses increase when the expense marketing expenditure is increase. The reason I did not say that marketing expenditure as a variable cost because marketing expenditure not related to level of activity to produce item. For example when production unit increase it not affects the marketing expenditure. Besides that it expense that not relate to the cost of goods sold and marketing expenditure is amount of money that spend for marketing. -CVP analysis is useful especially to plan future production and sales activity that help firm to maximize profit. Enable the firm to determine break event point(BEP) BEP point is where the minimum unit that company sell is no gain any profit or loss Break Event Point(BEP analysis) Use Break event point from cost volume profit or CVP analysis to make decision making. Break event point(unit) where is the total fix cost divided ucm . From CVP analysis we can used formulae Break Event Point BEP(unit )=total fixed cost OR Fixed cost UCM CS Ratio -used BEP formulae to determine the BEP point or sketch the graph from below. Break event Chart cost(RM) Sales Total Cost BEP(unit) Activity level BEP(RM) These graphs show clearly the BEP of product as well as value in RM value. At BEP oint where the company no gain profit or loss. the term breakeven point is often heard in the context of CVP analysis. Break even means a situation where there is neither profit nor loss. At the breakeven point, the contribution exactly equals the fixed costs. The breakeven quantity is that volume of output at which the fixed costs are equal to the contribution margin; the breakeven revenue is that sales revenue where the contribution margin equals the fixed costs. Normally it used of single product of company. In managerial, In the equations below, if profit is set to zero, the contribution margin will be equal to fixed costs. Contribution Margin The concept of a contribution margin is central to managerial decision making based on Cost-volume-profit Analysis (CVP Analysis). The starting point in CVP Analysis is the following equation: Profit = Total Revenue Total Costs This equation can be rewritten as: Profit = Total Revenue Total Variable Costs Total Fixed Costs The Contribution Margin is Total Revenue minus Total Variable Costs. Contribution margin=Total Revenue Total variable cost Equation for unit contribution margin Unit contribution margin(UCM)=Selling Price Unit Variable Cost or in ratio can be used this equation CS Ratio = sales Revenue otal contribution Selling price -Reason to usea contrlDutlon margin equation Decause to Tina pront 0T per unlt 0T product -So when used this equation management can make decision how they want gain profit per unit of product. -to find sales revenue required by using CS Ratio. This method is particularly useful in service type organizations where it may be difficult or impracticable to identify variable cost per unit of service Traditional Method -to find or target net profit -from equation below management can make decision how many profit they target base on volume of unit and selling price in unit. NP=Px-(a+bx) Where p=selling price Vvolume(unit) †fix cost IF,ariable cost Margin of safety -show the maximum unit can be reduce before the company incurred loss -t he higher the margin, the more company can withstand amount of drop sales which is company can stand fluctuation sales. the lower the margin the more company will suffer of loss -it helps management to measure risk before to sales product Here equation for margin of safety Margin of safety(unit)=expected sales- BEP Conclusion Cost Volume Profit (CVP) Analysis is an important part of short term decision making in a business. Although CVP analysis is cannot get all information need but it help anager to make fast decision making. Event we know that there are many limitation and assumption must be make when do the decision making. The contribution margin is central to CVP Analysis. It is also the basis for determination of the break even point in a business. ReTerence http://smccd. edu/accounts/nurre/online/chtr6. htm http:// ManagedStudy. com/Assumptions of Cost Volume Profit Analysis. htm http://www.accountingdetails.com/assumptions_of_cvp_analysis.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost%E2%80%93volume%E2%80%93profit_analysis http://smallbusiness.chron.com/calculate-gross-profit-margin-percentage-4133.html https://www.inc.com/guides/2010/10/tips-for-calculating-your-gross-margin.html http://www.ehow.com/how_6402140_calculate-gross-profit-rate.html